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Luc Perkins
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- [Quick Start](quick-start.md)
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- [Installation](installation/index.md)
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- [Supported Platforms](installation/supported-platforms.md)
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- [Installing a Binary Distribution](installation/installing-binary.md)
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- [Installing Nix from Source](installation/installing-source.md)
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- [Prerequisites](installation/prerequisites-source.md)
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- [Obtaining a Source Distribution](installation/obtaining-source.md)
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# Installation
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This section describes how to install and configure Nix for first-time use.
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Nix follows a [multi-user](./nix-security.md#multi-user-model) model on both Linux
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and macOS.
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We recommend that macOS users install Determinate Nix using [Determinate.pkg][pkg].
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For Linux and Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) users:
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```console
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$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --daemon
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$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf -L https://install.determinate.systems/nix | \
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sh -s -- install --determinate
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```
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## Distributions
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@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ $ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --daemon
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The Nix community maintains installers for several distributions.
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They can be found in the [`nix-community/nix-installers`](https://github.com/nix-community/nix-installers) repository.
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[pkg]: https://install.determinate.systems/determinate-pkg/stable/Universal
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# Installing a Binary Distribution
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To install the latest version Nix, run the following command:
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```console
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$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
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```
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This performs the default type of installation for your platform:
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- [Multi-user](#multi-user-installation):
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- Linux with systemd and without SELinux
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- macOS
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The installer can configured with various command line arguments and environment variables.
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To show available command line flags:
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```console
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$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --help
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```
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To check what it does and how it can be customised further, [download and edit the second-stage installation script](#installing-from-a-binary-tarball).
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# Installing a pinned Nix version from a URL
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Version-specific installation URLs for all Nix versions since 1.11.16 can be found at [releases.nixos.org](https://releases.nixos.org/?prefix=nix/).
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The directory for each version contains the corresponding SHA-256 hash.
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All installation scripts are invoked the same way:
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```console
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$ export VERSION=2.19.2
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$ curl -L https://releases.nixos.org/nix/nix-$VERSION/install | sh
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```
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# Multi User Installation
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The multi-user Nix installation creates system users and a system service for the Nix daemon.
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Supported systems:
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- Linux running systemd, with SELinux disabled
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- macOS
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To explicitly instruct the installer to perform a multi-user installation on your system:
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```console
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$ bash <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon
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```
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You can run this under your usual user account or `root`.
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The script will invoke `sudo` as needed.
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# Installing from a binary tarball
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You can also download a binary tarball that contains Nix and all its dependencies:
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- Choose a [version](https://releases.nixos.org/?prefix=nix/) and [system type](../development/building.md#platforms)
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- Download and unpack the tarball
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- Run the installer
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> **Example**
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>
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> ```console
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> $ pushd $(mktemp -d)
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> $ export VERSION=2.19.2
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> $ export SYSTEM=x86_64-linux
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> $ curl -LO https://releases.nixos.org/nix/nix-$VERSION/nix-$VERSION-$SYSTEM.tar.xz
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> $ tar xfj nix-$VERSION-$SYSTEM.tar.xz
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> $ cd nix-$VERSION-$SYSTEM
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> $ ./install
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> $ popd
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> ```
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The installer can be customised with the environment variables declared in the file named `install-multi-user`.
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## Native packages for Linux distributions
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The Nix community maintains installers for some Linux distributions in their native packaging format(https://nix-community.github.io/nix-installers/).
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# macOS Installation
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<!-- anchors to catch existing links -->
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[]{#sect-macos-installation-change-store-prefix}[]{#sect-macos-installation-encrypted-volume}[]{#sect-macos-installation-symlink}[]{#sect-macos-installation-recommended-notes}
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We believe we have ironed out how to cleanly support the read-only root file system
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on modern macOS. New installs will do this automatically.
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This section previously detailed the situation, options, and trade-offs,
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but it now only outlines what the installer does. You don't need to know
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this to run the installer, but it may help if you run into trouble:
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- create a new APFS volume for your Nix store
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- update `/etc/synthetic.conf` to direct macOS to create a "synthetic"
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empty root directory to mount your volume
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- specify mount options for the volume in `/etc/fstab`
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- `rw`: read-write
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- `noauto`: prevent the system from auto-mounting the volume (so the
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LaunchDaemon mentioned below can control mounting it, and to avoid
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masking problems with that mounting service).
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- `nobrowse`: prevent the Nix Store volume from showing up on your
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desktop; also keeps Spotlight from spending resources to index
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this volume
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<!-- TODO:
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- `suid`: honor setuid? surely not? ...
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- `owners`: honor file ownership on the volume
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For now I'll avoid pretending to understand suid/owners more
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than I do. There've been some vague reports of file-ownership
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and permission issues, particularly in cloud/VM/headless setups.
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My pet theory is that this has something to do with these setups
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not having a token that gets delegated to initial/admin accounts
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on macOS. See scripts/create-darwin-volume.sh for a little more.
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In any case, by Dec 4 2021, it _seems_ like some combination of
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suid, owners, and calling diskutil enableOwnership have stopped
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new reports from coming in. But I hesitate to celebrate because we
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haven't really named and catalogued the behavior, understood what
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we're fixing, and validated that all 3 components are essential.
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-->
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- if you have FileVault enabled
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- generate an encryption password
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- put it in your system Keychain
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- use it to encrypt the volume
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- create a system LaunchDaemon to mount this volume early enough in the
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boot process to avoid problems loading or restoring any programs that
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need access to your Nix store
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This chapter is for impatient people who don't like reading documentation.
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For more in-depth information you are kindly referred to subsequent chapters.
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1. Install Nix.
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We recommend that macOS users use [Determinate.pkg][pkg].
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We recommend that macOS users install Determinate Nix using [Determinate.pkg][pkg].
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For Linux and Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) users:
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```console
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