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Merge pull request #8141 from tweag/user-files-doc

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Document user files of nix
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John Ericson 2023-05-15 07:11:47 -04:00 • committed by GitHub
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src/libstore/globals.hh
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@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ public:
this, false, "use-xdg-base-directories",
R"(
If set to `true`, Nix will conform to the [XDG Base Directory Specification] for files in `$HOME`.
The environment variables used to implement this are documented in the [Environment Variables section](@docroot@/installation/env-variables.md).
The environment variables used to implement this are documented in the [Environment Variables section](@docroot@/command-ref/env-common.md).
[XDG Base Directory Specification]: https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html

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src/nix/local.mk
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@ -32,3 +32,9 @@ src/nix/develop.cc: src/nix/get-env.sh.gen.hh
src/nix-channel/nix-channel.cc: src/nix-channel/unpack-channel.nix.gen.hh
src/nix/main.cc: doc/manual/generate-manpage.nix.gen.hh doc/manual/utils.nix.gen.hh
src/nix/profile.cc: src/nix/profile.md src/nix/doc/files/profiles.md
src/nix/doc/files/%.md: doc/manual/src/command-ref/files/%.md
mkdir -p $$(dirname $@)
( printf 'R""(\n'; cat $^; printf '\n)""' ) > $@

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src/nix/profile.md
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@ -7,100 +7,39 @@ profile is a set of packages that can be installed and upgraded
independently from each other. Nix profiles are versioned, allowing
them to be rolled back easily.
# Default profile
The default profile used by `nix profile` is `$HOME/.nix-profile`,
which, if it does not exist, is created as a symlink to
`/nix/var/nix/profiles/default` if Nix is invoked by the
`root` user, or `${XDG_STATE_HOME-$HOME/.local/state}/nix/profiles/profile` otherwise.
You can specify another profile location using `--profile` *path*.
# Filesystem layout
Profiles are versioned as follows. When using profile *path*, *path*
is a symlink to *path*`-`*N*, where *N* is the current *version* of
the profile. In turn, *path*`-`*N* is a symlink to a path in the Nix
store. For example:
```console
$ ls -l ~alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 14 Nov 25 14:35 /home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile -> profile-7-link
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 51 Oct 28 16:18 /home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-5-link -> /nix/store/q69xad13ghpf7ir87h0b2gd28lafjj1j-profile
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 51 Oct 29 13:20 /home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-6-link -> /nix/store/6bvhpysd7vwz7k3b0pndn7ifi5xr32dg-profile
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 51 Nov 25 14:35 /home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link -> /nix/store/mp0x6xnsg0b8qhswy6riqvimai4gm677-profile
```
Each of these symlinks is a root for the Nix garbage collector.
The contents of the store path corresponding to each version of the
profile is a tree of symlinks to the files of the installed packages,
e.g.
```console
$ ll -R ~eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/
/home/eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/:
total 20
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 1 1970 bin
-r--r--r-- 2 root root 1402 Jan 1 1970 manifest.json
dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 1 1970 share
/home/eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/bin:
total 20
lrwxrwxrwx 5 root root 79 Jan 1 1970 chromium -> /nix/store/ijm5k0zqisvkdwjkc77mb9qzb35xfi4m-chromium-86.0.4240.111/bin/chromium
lrwxrwxrwx 7 root root 87 Jan 1 1970 spotify -> /nix/store/w9182874m1bl56smps3m5zjj36jhp3rn-spotify-1.1.26.501.gbe11e53b-15/bin/spotify
lrwxrwxrwx 3 root root 79 Jan 1 1970 zoom-us -> /nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927/bin/zoom-us
/home/eelco/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile-7-link/share/applications:
total 12
lrwxrwxrwx 4 root root 120 Jan 1 1970 chromium-browser.desktop -> /nix/store/4cf803y4vzfm3gyk3vzhzb2327v0kl8a-chromium-unwrapped-86.0.4240.111/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop
lrwxrwxrwx 7 root root 110 Jan 1 1970 spotify.desktop -> /nix/store/w9182874m1bl56smps3m5zjj36jhp3rn-spotify-1.1.26.501.gbe11e53b-15/share/applications/spotify.desktop
lrwxrwxrwx 3 root root 107 Jan 1 1970 us.zoom.Zoom.desktop -> /nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927/share/applications/us.zoom.Zoom.desktop
…
```
The file `manifest.json` records the provenance of the packages that
are installed in this version of the profile. It looks like this:
```json
{
"version": 1,
"elements": [
{
"active": true,
"attrPath": "legacyPackages.x86_64-linux.zoom-us",
"originalUrl": "flake:nixpkgs",
"storePaths": [
"/nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927"
],
"uri": "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/13d0c311e3ae923a00f734b43fd1d35b47d8943a"
},
…
]
}
```
Each object in the array `elements` denotes an installed package and
has the following fields:
* `originalUrl`: The [flake reference](./nix3-flake.md) specified by
the user at the time of installation (e.g. `nixpkgs`). This is also
the flake reference that will be used by `nix profile upgrade`.
* `uri`: The locked flake reference to which `originalUrl` resolved.
* `attrPath`: The flake output attribute that provided this
package. Note that this is not necessarily the attribute that the
user specified, but the one resulting from applying the default
attribute paths and prefixes; for instance, `hello` might resolve to
`packages.x86_64-linux.hello` and the empty string to
`packages.x86_64-linux.default`.
* `storePath`: The paths in the Nix store containing the package.
* `active`: Whether the profile contains symlinks to the files of this
package. If set to false, the package is kept in the Nix store, but
is not "visible" in the profile's symlink tree.
# Files
)""
#include "doc/files/profiles.md"
R""(
### Profile compatibility
> **Warning**
>
> Once you have used [`nix profile`] you can no longer use [`nix-env`] without first deleting `$XDG_STATE_HOME/nix/profiles/profile`
[`nix-env`]: @docroot@/command-ref/nix-env.md
[`nix profile`]: @docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-profile.md
Once you installed a package with [`nix profile`], you get the following error message when using [`nix-env`]:
```console
$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -iA 'hello'
error: nix-env
profile '/home/alice/.local/state/nix/profiles/profile' is incompatible with 'nix-env'; please use 'nix profile' instead
```
To migrate back to `nix-env` you can delete your current profile:
> **Warning**
>
> This will delete packages that have been installed before, so you may want to back up this information before running the command.
```console
$ rm -rf "${XDG_STATE_HOME-$HOME/.local/state}/nix/profiles/profile"
```
)""