Put functional tests in tests/functional

I think it is bad for these reasons when `tests/` contains a mix of
functional and integration tests

 - Concepts is harder to understand, the documentation makes a good
   unit vs functional vs integration distinction, but when the
   integration tests are just two subdirs within `tests/` this is not
   clear.

 - Source filtering in the `flake.nix` is more complex. We need to
   filter out some of the dirs from `tests/`, rather than simply pick
   the dirs we want and take all of them. This is a good sign the
   structure of what we are trying to do is not matching the structure
   of the files.

With this change we have a clean:
```shell-session
$ git show 'HEAD:tests'
tree HEAD:tests

functional/
installer/
nixos/
```

tests/functional/fixed.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+source common.sh
+
+clearStore
+
+path=$(nix-store -q $(nix-instantiate fixed.nix -A good.0))
+
+echo 'testing bad...'
+nix-build fixed.nix -A bad --no-out-link && fail "should fail"
+
+# Building with the bad hash should produce the "good" output path as
+# a side-effect.
+[[ -e $path ]]
+nix path-info --json $path | grep fixed:md5:2qk15sxzzjlnpjk9brn7j8ppcd
+
+echo 'testing good...'
+nix-build fixed.nix -A good --no-out-link
+
+if isDaemonNewer "2.4pre20210927"; then
+    echo 'testing --check...'
+    nix-build fixed.nix -A check --check && fail "should fail"
+fi
+
+echo 'testing good2...'
+nix-build fixed.nix -A good2 --no-out-link
+
+echo 'testing reallyBad...'
+nix-instantiate fixed.nix -A reallyBad && fail "should fail"
+
+# While we're at it, check attribute selection a bit more.
+echo 'testing attribute selection...'
+test $(nix-instantiate fixed.nix -A good.1 | wc -l) = 1
+
+# Test parallel builds of derivations that produce the same output.
+# Only one should run at the same time.
+echo 'testing parallelSame...'
+clearStore
+nix-build fixed.nix -A parallelSame --no-out-link -j2
+
+# Fixed-output derivations with a recursive SHA-256 hash should
+# produce the same path as "nix-store --add".
+echo 'testing sameAsAdd...'
+out=$(nix-build fixed.nix -A sameAsAdd --no-out-link)
+
+# This is what fixed.builder2 produces...
+rm -rf $TEST_ROOT/fixed
+mkdir $TEST_ROOT/fixed
+mkdir $TEST_ROOT/fixed/bla
+echo "Hello World!" > $TEST_ROOT/fixed/foo
+ln -s foo $TEST_ROOT/fixed/bar
+
+out2=$(nix-store --add $TEST_ROOT/fixed)
+[ "$out" = "$out2" ]
+
+out3=$(nix-store --add-fixed --recursive sha256 $TEST_ROOT/fixed)
+[ "$out" = "$out3" ]
+
+out4=$(nix-store --print-fixed-path --recursive sha256 "1ixr6yd3297ciyp9im522dfxpqbkhcw0pylkb2aab915278fqaik" fixed)
+[ "$out" = "$out4" ]