Put functional tests in tests/functional

I think it is bad for these reasons when `tests/` contains a mix of
functional and integration tests

 - Concepts is harder to understand, the documentation makes a good
   unit vs functional vs integration distinction, but when the
   integration tests are just two subdirs within `tests/` this is not
   clear.

 - Source filtering in the `flake.nix` is more complex. We need to
   filter out some of the dirs from `tests/`, rather than simply pick
   the dirs we want and take all of them. This is a good sign the
   structure of what we are trying to do is not matching the structure
   of the files.

With this change we have a clean:
```shell-session
$ git show 'HEAD:tests'
tree HEAD:tests

functional/
installer/
nixos/
```

tests/functional/ca/nix-copy.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+source common.sh
+
+export REMOTE_STORE_DIR="$TEST_ROOT/remote_store"
+export REMOTE_STORE="file://$REMOTE_STORE_DIR"
+
+ensureCorrectlyCopied () {
+    attrPath="$1"
+    nix build --store "$REMOTE_STORE" --file ./content-addressed.nix "$attrPath"
+}
+
+testOneCopy () {
+    clearStore
+    rm -rf "$REMOTE_STORE_DIR"
+
+    attrPath="$1"
+    nix copy --to $REMOTE_STORE "$attrPath" --file ./content-addressed.nix
+
+    ensureCorrectlyCopied "$attrPath"
+
+    # Ensure that we can copy back what we put in the store
+    clearStore
+    nix copy --from $REMOTE_STORE \
+        --file ./content-addressed.nix "$attrPath" \
+        --no-check-sigs
+}
+
+for attrPath in rootCA dependentCA transitivelyDependentCA dependentNonCA dependentFixedOutput; do
+    testOneCopy "$attrPath"
+done