Add support for impure derivations

Impure derivations are derivations that can produce a different result
every time they're built. Example:

  stdenv.mkDerivation {
    name = "impure";
    __impure = true; # marks this derivation as impure
    outputHashAlgo = "sha256";
    outputHashMode = "recursive";
    buildCommand = "date > $out";
  };

Some important characteristics:

* This requires the 'impure-derivations' experimental feature.

* Impure derivations are not "cached". Thus, running "nix-build" on
  the example above multiple times will cause a rebuild every time.

* They are implemented similar to CA derivations, i.e. the output is
  moved to a content-addressed path in the store. The difference is
  that we don't register a realisation in the Nix database.

* Pure derivations are not allowed to depend on impure derivations. In
  the future fixed-output derivations will be allowed to depend on
  impure derivations, thus forming an "impurity barrier" in the
  dependency graph.

* When sandboxing is enabled, impure derivations can access the
  network in the same way as fixed-output derivations. In relaxed
  sandboxing mode, they can access the local filesystem.

src/libexpr/eval.cc

@@ -436,6 +436,7 @@ EvalState::EvalState(
     , sBuilder(symbols.create("builder"))
     , sArgs(symbols.create("args"))
     , sContentAddressed(symbols.create("__contentAddressed"))
+    , sImpure(symbols.create("__impure"))
     , sOutputHash(symbols.create("outputHash"))
     , sOutputHashAlgo(symbols.create("outputHashAlgo"))
     , sOutputHashMode(symbols.create("outputHashMode"))

src/libexpr/eval.hh

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public:
         sSystem, sOverrides, sOutputs, sOutputName, sIgnoreNulls,
         sFile, sLine, sColumn, sFunctor, sToString,
         sRight, sWrong, sStructuredAttrs, sBuilder, sArgs,
-        sContentAddressed,
+        sContentAddressed, sImpure,
         sOutputHash, sOutputHashAlgo, sOutputHashMode,
         sRecurseForDerivations,
         sDescription, sSelf, sEpsilon, sStartSet, sOperator, sKey, sPath,

src/libexpr/primops.cc

@@ -989,6 +989,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
     PathSet context;
 
     bool contentAddressed = false;
+    bool isImpure = false;
     std::optional<std::string> outputHash;
     std::string outputHashAlgo;
     auto ingestionMethod = FileIngestionMethod::Flat;
@@ -1051,6 +1052,12 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
                     settings.requireExperimentalFeature(Xp::CaDerivations);
             }
 
+            else if (i->name == state.sImpure) {
+                isImpure = state.forceBool(*i->value, pos);
+                if (isImpure)
+                    settings.requireExperimentalFeature(Xp::ImpureDerivations);
+            }
+
             /* The `args' attribute is special: it supplies the
                command-line arguments to the builder. */
             else if (i->name == state.sArgs) {
@@ -1197,15 +1204,28 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
             });
     }
 
-    else if (contentAddressed) {
+    else if (contentAddressed || isImpure) {
+        if (contentAddressed && isImpure)
+            throw EvalError({
+                .msg = hintfmt("derivation cannot be both content-addressed and impure"),
+                .errPos = posDrvName
+            });
+
         HashType ht = parseHashType(outputHashAlgo);
         for (auto & i : outputs) {
             drv.env[i] = hashPlaceholder(i);
-            drv.outputs.insert_or_assign(i,
-                DerivationOutput::CAFloating {
-                    .method = ingestionMethod,
-                    .hashType = ht,
-                });
+            if (isImpure)
+                drv.outputs.insert_or_assign(i,
+                    DerivationOutput::Impure {
+                        .method = ingestionMethod,
+                        .hashType = ht,
+                    });
+            else
+                drv.outputs.insert_or_assign(i,
+                    DerivationOutput::CAFloating {
+                        .method = ingestionMethod,
+                        .hashType = ht,
+                    });
         }
     }