Put functional tests in tests/functional

I think it is bad for these reasons when `tests/` contains a mix of
functional and integration tests

 - Concepts is harder to understand, the documentation makes a good
   unit vs functional vs integration distinction, but when the
   integration tests are just two subdirs within `tests/` this is not
   clear.

 - Source filtering in the `flake.nix` is more complex. We need to
   filter out some of the dirs from `tests/`, rather than simply pick
   the dirs we want and take all of them. This is a good sign the
   structure of what we are trying to do is not matching the structure
   of the files.

With this change we have a clean:
```shell-session
$ git show 'HEAD:tests'
tree HEAD:tests

functional/
installer/
nixos/
```

(cherry picked from commit 68c81c7375)

tests/functional/impure-derivations.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+with import ./config.nix;
+
+rec {
+
+  impure = mkDerivation {
+    name = "impure";
+    outputs = [ "out" "stuff" ];
+    buildCommand =
+      ''
+        echo impure
+        x=$(< $TEST_ROOT/counter)
+        mkdir $out $stuff
+        echo $x > $out/n
+        ln -s $out/n $stuff/bla
+        printf $((x + 1)) > $TEST_ROOT/counter
+      '';
+    __impure = true;
+    impureEnvVars = [ "TEST_ROOT" ];
+  };
+
+  impureOnImpure = mkDerivation {
+    name = "impure-on-impure";
+    buildCommand =
+      ''
+        echo impure-on-impure
+        x=$(< ${impure}/n)
+        mkdir $out
+        printf X$x > $out/n
+        ln -s ${impure.stuff} $out/symlink
+        ln -s $out $out/self
+      '';
+    __impure = true;
+  };
+
+  # This is not allowed.
+  inputAddressed = mkDerivation {
+    name = "input-addressed";
+    buildCommand =
+      ''
+        cat ${impure} > $out
+      '';
+  };
+
+  contentAddressed = mkDerivation {
+    name = "content-addressed";
+    buildCommand =
+      ''
+        echo content-addressed
+        x=$(< ${impureOnImpure}/n)
+        printf ''${x:0:1} > $out
+      '';
+    outputHashMode = "recursive";
+    outputHash = "sha256-eBYxcgkuWuiqs4cKNgKwkb3vY/HR0vVsJnqe8itJGcQ=";
+  };
+
+  inputAddressedAfterCA = mkDerivation {
+    name = "input-addressed-after-ca";
+    buildCommand =
+      ''
+        cat ${contentAddressed} > $out
+      '';
+  };
+}