Put functional tests in tests/functional

I think it is bad for these reasons when `tests/` contains a mix of
functional and integration tests

 - Concepts is harder to understand, the documentation makes a good
   unit vs functional vs integration distinction, but when the
   integration tests are just two subdirs within `tests/` this is not
   clear.

 - Source filtering in the `flake.nix` is more complex. We need to
   filter out some of the dirs from `tests/`, rather than simply pick
   the dirs we want and take all of them. This is a good sign the
   structure of what we are trying to do is not matching the structure
   of the files.

With this change we have a clean:
```shell-session
$ git show 'HEAD:tests'
tree HEAD:tests

functional/
installer/
nixos/
```

(cherry picked from commit 68c81c7375)

tests/functional/case-hack.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+source common.sh
+
+clearStore
+
+rm -rf $TEST_ROOT/case
+
+opts="--option use-case-hack true"
+
+# Check whether restoring and dumping a NAR that contains case
+# collisions is round-tripping, even on a case-insensitive system.
+nix-store $opts  --restore $TEST_ROOT/case < case.nar
+nix-store $opts --dump $TEST_ROOT/case > $TEST_ROOT/case.nar
+cmp case.nar $TEST_ROOT/case.nar
+[ "$(nix-hash $opts --type sha256 $TEST_ROOT/case)" = "$(nix-hash --flat --type sha256 case.nar)" ]
+
+# Check whether we detect true collisions (e.g. those remaining after
+# removal of the suffix).
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/case/xt_CONNMARK.h~nix~case~hack~3"
+(! nix-store $opts --dump $TEST_ROOT/case > /dev/null)