Put functional tests in tests/functional

I think it is bad for these reasons when `tests/` contains a mix of
functional and integration tests

 - Concepts is harder to understand, the documentation makes a good
   unit vs functional vs integration distinction, but when the
   integration tests are just two subdirs within `tests/` this is not
   clear.

 - Source filtering in the `flake.nix` is more complex. We need to
   filter out some of the dirs from `tests/`, rather than simply pick
   the dirs we want and take all of them. This is a good sign the
   structure of what we are trying to do is not matching the structure
   of the files.

With this change we have a clean:
```shell-session
$ git show 'HEAD:tests'
tree HEAD:tests

functional/
installer/
nixos/
```

(cherry picked from commit 68c81c7375)

tests/functional/ca/nondeterministic.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+with import ./config.nix;
+
+let mkCADerivation = args: mkDerivation ({
+    __contentAddressed = true;
+    outputHashMode = "recursive";
+    outputHashAlgo = "sha256";
+} // args);
+in
+
+rec {
+  currentTime = mkCADerivation {
+    name = "current-time";
+    buildCommand = ''
+      mkdir $out
+      echo $(date) > $out/current-time
+    '';
+  };
+  dep = seed: mkCADerivation {
+    name = "dep";
+    inherit seed;
+    buildCommand = ''
+      echo ${currentTime} > $out
+    '';
+  };
+  dep1 = dep 1;
+  dep2 = dep 2;
+  toplevel = mkCADerivation {
+    name = "toplevel";
+    buildCommand = ''
+      test ${dep1} == ${dep2}
+      touch $out
+    '';
+  };
+}
+