Put functional tests in tests/functional

I think it is bad for these reasons when `tests/` contains a mix of
functional and integration tests

 - Concepts is harder to understand, the documentation makes a good
   unit vs functional vs integration distinction, but when the
   integration tests are just two subdirs within `tests/` this is not
   clear.

 - Source filtering in the `flake.nix` is more complex. We need to
   filter out some of the dirs from `tests/`, rather than simply pick
   the dirs we want and take all of them. This is a good sign the
   structure of what we are trying to do is not matching the structure
   of the files.

With this change we have a clean:
```shell-session
$ git show 'HEAD:tests'
tree HEAD:tests

functional/
installer/
nixos/
```

(cherry picked from commit 68c81c7375)

tests/functional/add.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+source common.sh
+
+path1=$(nix-store --add ./dummy)
+echo $path1
+
+path2=$(nix-store --add-fixed sha256 --recursive ./dummy)
+echo $path2
+
+if test "$path1" != "$path2"; then
+    echo "nix-store --add and --add-fixed mismatch"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+path3=$(nix-store --add-fixed sha256 ./dummy)
+echo $path3
+test "$path1" != "$path3" || exit 1
+
+path4=$(nix-store --add-fixed sha1 --recursive ./dummy)
+echo $path4
+test "$path1" != "$path4" || exit 1
+
+hash1=$(nix-store -q --hash $path1)
+echo $hash1
+
+hash2=$(nix-hash --type sha256 --base32 ./dummy)
+echo $hash2
+
+test "$hash1" = "sha256:$hash2"