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More debugging documentation

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There are a few things I think people should know, post-Meson.
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John Ericson 2025-02-03 10:05:56 -05:00
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doc/manual/source/development/debugging.md
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This section shows how to build and debug Nix with debug symbols enabled.
Additionally, see [Testing Nix](./testing.md) for further instructions on how to debug Nix in the context of a unit test or functional test.
## Building Nix with Debug Symbols
In the development shell, set the `mesonBuildType` environment variable to `debug` before configuring the build:
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Then, proceed to build Nix as described in [Building Nix](./building.md).
This will build Nix with debug symbols, which are essential for effective debugging.
It is also possible to build without debugging for faster build:
```console
[nix-shell]$ NIX_HARDENING_ENABLE=$(printLines $NIX_HARDENING_ENABLE | grep -v fortify)
[nix-shell]$ export mesonBuildType=debug
```
(The first line is needed because `fortify` hardening requires at least some optimization.)
## Debugging the Nix Binary
Obtain your preferred debugger within the development shell: